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Reduced risk of neural tube defects (spina bifida), along with possible role of choline (B vitamin) Decreased homocysteine level for reduced risk of Down syndrome. Decreased risk of fetal loss. Decreased risk of cardiac malformation. Decreased risk of small birth size. Decreased risk of orofacial clefts (along with vitamins B1, B3, B6, E, and zinc) Prevention of one form of anemia. 400 mcg of folic acid and improved eating habits are recommended to prevent anemia.